102 Binary Tree Level Order Traversal

Very straightforward, a level order traversal is the same thing as BFS. You arrive at a node, put it’s neighbours in a queue to be visited later. Make sure to also maintain a another loop inside your main BFS loop so that you keep track of “levels”.

Code:

Java

class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {
        if (root==null) return new ArrayList();
 
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Queue<TreeNode> Q = new ArrayDeque<>();
 
        Q.add(root);
 
        while(!Q.isEmpty()) {
            int n = Q.size();
 
            List<Integer> level = new ArrayList<>();
 
            for (int i=0;i<n;i++) {
                TreeNode current = Q.poll();
                level.add(current.val);
 
                addNeighbours(Q, current);
            }
            res.add(level);
        }
 
        return res;
 
    }
 
    private void addNeighbours(Queue<TreeNode> Q, TreeNode node) {
 
        if (node.left != null) Q.add(node.left);
        if (node.right != null) Q.add(node.right);
    }
}

Big O Analysis

• Runtime The runtime complexity here is O(N) as since we would be iterating the array atleast once.
• Memory The memory usage is O(1) since we are not using any extra datastructure.

— A

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